Acute Leukemia

Morphology
- FAB classification M1-M7.

- AML
  - Positive MPO for blasts (M1-M3)
  - M3: promyelocyte, multiple Auer rod, t (15,17), positive MPO/ apositive choloracetate esterase

- AML vs. ALL
   - Differentiation is needed due to the difference in treatment (ALL is treated
   - Myeloblasts (small cytoplasma, lobulated nucelus, Auer rod, red part of cytolasma), lymphoblasts (almost no cytoplasma)

Diagnosis
- mainly discovered due pancytopenia
- > 20% blasts in the bone marrow
- > 3% MPO positive cells for AML

Molecular
- Workup:
   - Screening using multiplex nested PCR with 26 fusion genes --> when it is positive, perform separate split PCR
   - Karyotyping.
- Numerical changes vs. fusion transcript (FLT-3, NPM-1)