Typing

There are two big groups of typing:
1. Phenotyping
- biotyping
- serotyping
- protein analysis
- typing using antibiograms

Problems:
- the grade of typing is sometimes not enough.
- limited discriminative ability (not specific enough), sometimes cross-reaction can happen.

2. Genotyping
- plasmid analysis
- restriction frame legth polymorphism of bacterial DNA genome
   - conventional
   - probe hybridization
   - amplified fragment length polymorphism
- PCR finger printing
- micro-array

Problems:
- protocol should be optimum and expertises are needed.
- false positive in PCR.

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